Citations
Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate citations using the notes and bibliography system. Examples of notes are followed by shortened versions of citations to the same source. For more details and many more examples, see chapter 14 of The Chicago Manual of Style. For examples of the same citations using the author-date system, click on the Author-Date tab above.
Endnote in Black
Work Cited in Red
Book
One author
1. Michael Pollan, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2006), 99.
Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2006.
Two or more authors
1. Geoffrey C. Ward and Ken Burns, The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945 (New York: Knopf, 2007), 52.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945. New York: Knopf, 2007.
Editor, translator, or compiler instead of author
1. Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91–92.
Lattimore, Richmond, trans. The Iliad of Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.
Book published electronically
NOTE: If a book is available in more than one format, cite the version you consulted. For books consulted online, list a URL; include an access date. If no fixed page numbers are available, you can include a section title or a chapter or other number if available or list e-edition.
1. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), Kindle edition.
2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 28 Feb. 2010, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle edition.
Newspaper/Journal/Magazine
Article in a print journal
In a note, list the specific page numbers consulted, if any. In the bibliography, list the page range for the whole article.
1. Joshua I. Weinstein, “The Market in Plato’s Republic,” Classical Philology 104 (2009): 440.
2. Weinstein, “Plato’s Republic,” 452–53.
Weinstein, Joshua I. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology 104 (2009): 439–58.
Article in an online journal
Include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if the journal lists one. A DOI is a permanent ID that, when appended to http://dx.doi.org/ in the address bar of an Internet browser, will lead to the source. If no DOI is available, list a URL. Include an access date.
1. Gueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Watts, “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 411, 28 Feb. 2010, doi:10.1086/599247.
Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 405–50. 28 Feb. 2010. doi:10.1086/599247.
Article in a newspaper or popular magazine
Newspaper and magazine articles may be cited in running text (“As Sheryl Stolberg and Robert Pear noted in a New York Times article on February 27, 2010, . . .”) instead of in a note, and they are commonly omitted from a bibliography. The following examples show the more formal versions of the citations. If you consulted the article online, include a URL; include an access date only if your publisher or discipline requires one. If no author is identified, begin the citation with the article title.
1. Daniel Mendelsohn, “But Enough about Me,” New Yorker, 25 Jan. 2010, 68.
2. Sheryl Gay Stolberg and Robert Pear, “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote,” New York Times, 27 Feb. 2010, 28 Feb. 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.
Mendelsohn, Daniel. “But Enough about Me.” New Yorker, 25 Jan. 2010.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, and Robert Pear. “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote.” New York Times, 27 Feb. 2010. 28 Feb. 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.
Book review
1. David Kamp, “Deconstructing Dinner,” review of The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, by Michael Pollan, New York Times, 23 Apr. 2006, Sunday Book Review, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/23kamp.html.
Kamp, David. “Deconstructing Dinner.” Review of The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, by Michael Pollan. New York Times, 23 Apr. 2006, Sunday Book Review. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/23kamp.html.
Interview
UNPUBLISHED INTERVIEW: Last Name, First Name. Interview by First Name Last Name. Interview Type. Location, Date Interviewed.
Online
1. John Fankson. Interviewed by Erin Stacey. Interview in person. San Francisco, 24 Jan 2010.
Frankson, John, Interviewed by Erin Stacey. Interview in person San Francisco, 24 Jan, 2010.
Website
A citation to website content can often be limited to a mention in the text or in a note (“As of July 19, 2008, the McDonald’s Corporation listed on its website . . .”). Because such content is subject to change, include an access date or, if available, a date that the site was last modified.
1. “Google Privacy Policy,” 11 Mar. 2009, http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
2. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonald’s Corporation, 19 Jul. 2008, http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
Google. “Google Privacy Policy.” 11 Mar. 2009. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
McDonald’s Corporation. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts.” 19 Jul. 2008. http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
E-mail or text message
E-mail and text messages may be cited in running text (“In a text message to the author on March 1, 2010, John Doe revealed . . .”) instead of in a note, and they are rarely listed in a bibliography. The following example shows the more formal version of a note.
1. John Doe, e-mail message to author, 28 Feb. 2010.
Doe, John. e-mail message to author. 28 Feb. 2010.
The following examples illustrate citations using the notes and bibliography system. Examples of notes are followed by shortened versions of citations to the same source. For more details and many more examples, see chapter 14 of The Chicago Manual of Style. For examples of the same citations using the author-date system, click on the Author-Date tab above.
Endnote in Black
Work Cited in Red
Book
One author
1. Michael Pollan, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2006), 99.
Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2006.
Two or more authors
1. Geoffrey C. Ward and Ken Burns, The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945 (New York: Knopf, 2007), 52.
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945. New York: Knopf, 2007.
Editor, translator, or compiler instead of author
1. Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91–92.
Lattimore, Richmond, trans. The Iliad of Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.
Book published electronically
NOTE: If a book is available in more than one format, cite the version you consulted. For books consulted online, list a URL; include an access date. If no fixed page numbers are available, you can include a section title or a chapter or other number if available or list e-edition.
1. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), Kindle edition.
2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 28 Feb. 2010, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle edition.
Newspaper/Journal/Magazine
Article in a print journal
In a note, list the specific page numbers consulted, if any. In the bibliography, list the page range for the whole article.
1. Joshua I. Weinstein, “The Market in Plato’s Republic,” Classical Philology 104 (2009): 440.
2. Weinstein, “Plato’s Republic,” 452–53.
Weinstein, Joshua I. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology 104 (2009): 439–58.
Article in an online journal
Include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if the journal lists one. A DOI is a permanent ID that, when appended to http://dx.doi.org/ in the address bar of an Internet browser, will lead to the source. If no DOI is available, list a URL. Include an access date.
1. Gueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Watts, “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 411, 28 Feb. 2010, doi:10.1086/599247.
Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 405–50. 28 Feb. 2010. doi:10.1086/599247.
Article in a newspaper or popular magazine
Newspaper and magazine articles may be cited in running text (“As Sheryl Stolberg and Robert Pear noted in a New York Times article on February 27, 2010, . . .”) instead of in a note, and they are commonly omitted from a bibliography. The following examples show the more formal versions of the citations. If you consulted the article online, include a URL; include an access date only if your publisher or discipline requires one. If no author is identified, begin the citation with the article title.
1. Daniel Mendelsohn, “But Enough about Me,” New Yorker, 25 Jan. 2010, 68.
2. Sheryl Gay Stolberg and Robert Pear, “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote,” New York Times, 27 Feb. 2010, 28 Feb. 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.
Mendelsohn, Daniel. “But Enough about Me.” New Yorker, 25 Jan. 2010.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, and Robert Pear. “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote.” New York Times, 27 Feb. 2010. 28 Feb. 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.
Book review
1. David Kamp, “Deconstructing Dinner,” review of The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, by Michael Pollan, New York Times, 23 Apr. 2006, Sunday Book Review, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/23kamp.html.
Kamp, David. “Deconstructing Dinner.” Review of The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, by Michael Pollan. New York Times, 23 Apr. 2006, Sunday Book Review. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/23kamp.html.
Interview
UNPUBLISHED INTERVIEW: Last Name, First Name. Interview by First Name Last Name. Interview Type. Location, Date Interviewed.
Online
1. John Fankson. Interviewed by Erin Stacey. Interview in person. San Francisco, 24 Jan 2010.
Frankson, John, Interviewed by Erin Stacey. Interview in person San Francisco, 24 Jan, 2010.
Website
A citation to website content can often be limited to a mention in the text or in a note (“As of July 19, 2008, the McDonald’s Corporation listed on its website . . .”). Because such content is subject to change, include an access date or, if available, a date that the site was last modified.
1. “Google Privacy Policy,” 11 Mar. 2009, http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
2. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonald’s Corporation, 19 Jul. 2008, http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
Google. “Google Privacy Policy.” 11 Mar. 2009. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
McDonald’s Corporation. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts.” 19 Jul. 2008. http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
E-mail or text message
E-mail and text messages may be cited in running text (“In a text message to the author on March 1, 2010, John Doe revealed . . .”) instead of in a note, and they are rarely listed in a bibliography. The following example shows the more formal version of a note.
1. John Doe, e-mail message to author, 28 Feb. 2010.
Doe, John. e-mail message to author. 28 Feb. 2010.
Speeches
John McCain
John McCain
George Washington's Personal Papers
in Chronological order
in Chronological order